NEET Biology Syllabus 2026: The NEET UG 2026 exam will likely follow the same syllabus as NEET 2025; the National Testing Agency (NTA) did not make any changes last year. The official NEET 2026 syllabus has not been released yet. Until any new announcement is made, students should prepare using the NEET 2025 syllabus.
The NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 carries the most weight in the NEET UG 2026 exam. It will include questions from both Class 11 and Class 12 NCERT textbooks. The biology section consists of 90 questions that cover Botany and Zoology. Knowing the chapter-wise weightage will help students focus on the most important topics first. Since NEET Biology strictly follows the NCERT curriculum, it is strongly advised to prepare thoroughly using NCERT books.
NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 Overview
The National Testing Agency (NTA) has not published the NEET UG 2026 syllabus for Biology. As there were no syllabus changes in 2025, the NEET 2026 syllabus for Biology is likely to be the same as previous year. Thus, NEET 2026 candidates can refer to the NEET 2025 Biology syllabus for study. The NEET Biology syllabus consists of Class 11 and Class 12 topics covering key concepts of Botany and Zoology. The syllabus is composed of ten units, each learning various aspects of biological sciences.
Check out the revised NEET Biology syllabus: Syllabus for Examination of NEET UG 2025
NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 Overview | |
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Parameter | Details |
Official Release | Dec 2025 (Expected) |
Authority | National Testing Agency (NTA) |
Syllabus Availability | NTA’s official website |
Document Format | |
Key Sections | Physics, Chemistry, Biology |
Applicability | Mandatory for NEET 2026 aspirants |
NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 for Class 11
The Class 11 Biology syllabus forms a crucial foundation for NEET 2026 preparation. Although the official NEET 2026 syllabus is yet to be released, it is likely to remain unchanged, as no modifications were made for NEET 2025. This section outlines the key topics from the Class 11 NCERT Biology textbook that students should focus on to build strong conceptual understanding and score well in the exam.
Unit Name | Unit Topics |
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Unit 1 – Diversity of Living Organisms | What is living?, Biodiversity, Need for classification, Taxonomy & Systematics, Concept of species and taxonomic hierarchy, Binomial nomenclature, Five kingdom classification (salient features and classification of Monera, Protista, Fungi), Lichens, Viruses and Viroids, Salient features and classification of plants (Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms – 3–5 features + 2 examples), Salient features and classification of animals (non-chordates up to phylum level, chordates up to class level – 3–5 features + 2 examples) |
Unit 2 – Structural Organization in Animals and Plants | Morphology and modifications, Tissues, Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants (Root, Stem, Leaf, Inflorescence – cymose and racemose, Flower, Fruit, Seed), Families: Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, Compositae, Gramineae, Animal tissues, Morphology, anatomy, and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, reproductive) of frog (brief account) |
Unit 3 – Cell Structure and Function | Cell theory, Cell as the basic unit of life, Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, Plant cell and animal cell, Cell envelope (cell membrane, cell wall), Cell organelles (structure and function): endomembrane system – ER, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies, cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles, Nucleus (nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus), Biomolecules (structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids), Enzymes (types, properties, action, classification, nomenclature), Cell division (cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, significance) |
Unit 4 – Plant Physiology | Photosynthesis: Autotrophic nutrition, Site of photosynthesis, Photosynthetic pigments (elementary idea), Photochemical and biosynthetic phases, Cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation, Chemiosmotic hypothesis, Photorespiration, C3 and C4 pathways, Factors affecting photosynthesis. Respiration: Exchange of gases, Cellular respiration (glycolysis, fermentation, TCA cycle, ETS), Energy relations – ATP, Amphibolic pathways, Respiratory quotient. Plant Growth and Development: Seed germination, Growth phases and rate, Conditions of growth, Differentiation, Dedifferentiation, Redifferentiation, Developmental sequence in a plant cell, Growth regulators (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA) |
Unit 5 – Human Physiology | Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only), Human respiratory system, Breathing mechanism and regulation, Exchange and transport of gases, Respiratory volumes, Respiratory disorders (Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational diseases). Body Fluids and Circulation: Blood composition, Blood groups, Coagulation, Lymph, Human circulatory system (heart, blood vessels), Cardiac cycle, Output, ECG, Double circulation, Regulation, Circulatory disorders (Hypertension, CAD, Angina, Heart failure). Excretory Products and Elimination: Modes of excretion (ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism), Human excretory system, Urine formation, Osmoregulation, Kidney regulation (RAAS, ANF, ADH, Diabetes insipidus), Role of other excretory organs, Disorders (Uraemia, Renal failure, Calculi, Nephritis), Dialysis. Locomotion and Movement: Types (ciliary, flagellar, muscular), Skeletal muscle (structure, contractile proteins, contraction), Skeletal system (functions), Joints, Muscular-skeletal disorders (Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout). Neural Control and Coordination: Neuron, Nerves, Human nervous system (CNS, PNS, ANS), Nerve impulse generation and conduction. Chemical Coordination and Regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones, Human endocrine system (Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads), Hormone action (elementary), Role of hormones, Disorders (Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic goiter, Diabetes, Addison’s disease) |
NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 For Class 12
Class 11 Biology syllabus plays a very crucial role for NEET 2026 preparation. Although the official NEET 2026 syllabus has not been announced yet, it will most likely be the same, as there were no modifications for NEET 2025. The following is the list of important topics of the Class 11 NCERT Biology textbook that the students must study in order to know the concepts thoroughly and perform well in the exam.
The NEET 2026 Biology syllabus for Class 12 builds upon the foundational knowledge gained in Class 11 and introduces more advanced concepts in Biology. Although the official NEET 2026 syllabus has not yet been released, it is expected to be similar to the 2025 syllabus, as there were no changes in 2025. This syllabus covers critical topics that are essential for aspiring medical students.
NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 for Class 12 | |
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Unit Name | Unit Topics |
Unit 6 – Reproduction | Sexual reproduction in flowering plants : Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies, and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events- Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation: Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness). |
Unit 7 – Genetics & Evolution | Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; Deviations from MendelismIncomplete dominance, Codominance, Multiple alleles, and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-i-n humans’ birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex-linked inheritance-Haemophilia color blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation- Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing, protein biosynthesis.Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidence for biological evolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular evidence); Darwin, ‘s contribution, modern synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution. |
Unit 8 – Biology and Human Welfare | Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm, dengue, chikungunya); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug, and alcohol abuse.Tobacco abuseMicrobes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation, and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. |
Unit 9 – Biotechnology and its Applications | Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology).Application of Biotechnology in Health and Agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gens therapy Genetically modified:organisms-Br crops: Transgenic Animals Biosafety issues-Biopiracy and patents. |
Unit 10 – Ecology and Environment | organisms and environment Population intentions -mutualism, competition.predation, parasitism Population attributes-growth. birth rate and death rate, age distribution.Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition: Energy flow: Pyramids of number, biomass. energyBiodiversity and its conservation: concept of Biodiversity; patterns of Biodiversity: Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms. extinction; Red Data Book. biosphere reserves, National parks, and sanctuaries, Sacred Groves. |
NEET 2026 Biology Syllabus For Botany
The NEET botany syllabus 2026 encompasses a wide array of topics related to the study of plants. It is divided into four main sections: biochemistry, cell biology, genetics, and ecology. Below are the significant topics outlined in the biology syllabus for NEET 2026.
NEET 2026 Biology Syllabus For Botany | |
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S. No | Chapter Name |
1 | Cell – The Unit of Life |
2 | Cell Cycle and Cell Division |
3 | The Living World |
4 | Biological Classification |
5 | Plant Kingdom |
6 | Morphology of Flowering Plants |
7 | Anatomy of Flowering Plants |
8 | Photosynthesis in Higher Plants |
9 | Respiration in Plants |
10 | Plant Growth and Development |
11 | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plant |
12 | Principle of Inheritance and Variation |
13 | Molecular Basis of Inheritance |
14 | Microbes in Human Welfare |
15 | Organisms and Population |
16 | Ecosystem |
17 | Biodiversity and Conservation |
NEET 2026 Biology Syllabus For Zoology
The NEET zoology syllabus 2026 is meant to assess the knowledge applicants have of different areas of zoology. The areas include the classification of animals, the structure of animals, cell biology, and human physiology. With these topics as a foundation, the NEET zoology syllabus 2026 provides a straightforward way of assessing applicants’ skills and knowledge of zoology.
NEET 2026 Biology Syllabus For Zoology | |
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S. No | Chapter Name |
1 | Structural Organization in Animals (including Frog) |
2 | Biomolecules |
3 | Breathing and Exchange of Gases |
4 | Body Fluids and Circulation |
5 | Excretory Products & their Elimination |
6 | Locomotion & Movement |
7 | Neural Control & Coordination |
8 | Chemical Coordination & Integration |
9 | Animal Kingdom |
10 | Human Reproduction |
11 | Reproductive Health |
12 | Evolution |
13 | Human Health and Diseases |
14 | Biotechnology: Principles & Processes |
NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 Weightage
Before starting their preparation, candidates should get to know the NEET Biology chapter-wise weightage distribution for the NEET Syllabus 2026. Understanding this weightage helps prioritize the topics that carry more marks. The table below summarizes the marks assigned to each chapter in the NEET 2026 Biology Syllabus. This is essential for effective study planning.


NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 Weightage | ||
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Chapters/Topics | Average No. of Questions Based on 5 Years Analysis | Weightage (%) |
NEET Chapter Wise Weightage 2026 for Zoology | ||
Structural Organisation in Animals (Animal Tissues) | 4 | 8% |
Locomotion and Movement | 3 | 6% |
Body Fluids and Circulation | 2 | 5% |
Evolution | 3 | 6% |
Biomolecules | 5 | 10% |
Human Reproduction | 3 | 6% |
Breathing and Exchange of Gases | 2 | 4% |
Excretory Products and their Elimination | 2 | 5% |
Reproductive Health | 4 | 8% |
Biotechnology – Principles and Processes | 6 | 12% |
Human Health and Disease | 3 | 6% |
Biotechnology and its Applications | 4 | 7% |
Animal Kingdom | 7 | 13% |
Neural Control and Coordination | 1 | 2% |
Chemical Coordination and Integration | 2 | 4% |
NEET Chapter Wise Weightage 2026 for Botany | ||
Biodiversity and Conservation | 2 | 4% |
Anatomy of Flowering Plants | 3 | 7% |
Cell : The Unit of Life | 2 | 5% |
Respiration in Plants | 2 | 4% |
Microbes in Human Welfare | 2 | 4% |
Cell Cycle and Cell Division | 4 | 9% |
Molecular Basis of Inheritance | 6 | 14% |
Principles of Inheritance and Variation | 5 | 10% |
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants | 3 | 6% |
Ecosystem | 2 | 4% |
Morphology of Flowering Plants | 3 | 6% |
Plant Growth and Development | 3 | 6% |
The Living World | 0 | 1% |
Plant Kingdom | 3 | 7% |
Biological Classification | 1 | 3% |
Organisms and Populations | 2 | 4% |
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants | 2 | 4% |
NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 Important Topics
In preparing for the biology syllabus for the NEET 2026 exam, candidates should focus on basic biology concepts. They should prioritize specific key subjects in the NEET botany syllabus 2026 and NEET zoology syllabus 2026, based on how often questions appear and their importance in past exams.
NEET Botany Syllabus 2026 Important Topics
If you’re getting ready for NEET 2026 and studying the botany syllabus, it’s crucial to concentrate on key topics that frequently appear in the exam. By understanding these topics thoroughly, you can boost your chances of doing well in the biology section of the NEET 2026 exam.
Chapter Name | Topics |
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Cell – The Unit of Life | Cell Theory, Overview of Cell, Prokaryotic Cells, Eukaryotic Cells |
Cell Cycle and Cell Division | Cell Cycle, Phases of Cell Cycle, Significance of Mitosis, Meiosis I, Meiosis II, Significance of Meiosis |
The Living World | What is ‘Living’? Diversity in the Living World, Binomial Nomenclature, Taxonomic Categories |
Biological Classification | Types of Classification, Kingdom Monera, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Animalia, Acellular Organisms, Symbiotic Organisms |
Plant Kingdom | Classification System, Taxonomy, Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms |
Morphology of Flowering Plants | Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower, Fruit, Seed, Semi-technical Description of a Typical Flowering Plant, Description of Some Important Families |
Anatomy of Flowering Plants | Tissues – Simple & Complex, Tissue System, Anatomy of Plants |
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants | Early Experiments, Site of Photosynthesis, Pigments in Photosynthesis, Light Reaction, Dark Reaction, C4 Pathway, Photorespiration, Factors Affecting Photosynthesis |
Respiration in Plants | Respiration, Glycolysis, Fermentation, Aerobic Respiration, Respiratory Balance Sheet, Amphibolic Pathway, Respiratory Quotient |
Plant Growth and Development | Growth, Growth Rates, Differentiation, Dedifferentiation, Redifferentiation, Development, Plant Growth Regulators |
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants | Flower Structure, Pre-fertilisation Events, Pollen Grain, Female Gametophyte, Pollination, Post-fertilisation Events, Embryo, Seed, Fruit, Apomixis, Polyembryony |
Principle of Inheritance and Variation | Genetics, Mendel’s Laws, Inheritance of One Gene, Two Genes, Polygenic Inheritance, Pleiotropy, Sex Determination, Mutation, Genetic Disorders, Mendelian & Chromosomal Disorders |
Molecular Basis of Inheritance | DNA, Genetic Material Search, RNA World, DNA Replication, Transcription, Genetic Code, RNA (Adapter Molecule), Translation, Gene Expression Regulation, Human Genome Project, DNA Fingerprinting |
Microbes in Human Welfare | Microbes in Human Welfare, Sewage Treatment, Biogas Production, Biocontrol Agents, Biofertilizers |
Organisms and Population | Organism and Environment, Population, Population Growth, Life History Variation, Population Interactions |
Ecosystem | Structure and Function, Energy Flow, Ecological Pyramids |
Biodiversity and Conservation | Biodiversity, Patterns, Loss of Biodiversity, Conservation Methods, Importance of Biodiversity |
NEET Zoology Syllabus 2026 Important Topics
This segment discusses everything important regarding the NEET Zoology syllabus 2026. The topics discussed in this section are very critical as they widely appear in the biology syllabus of NEET 2026 exam. Understanding and practicing these topics will solidify the foundation of your biology course and maximize your opportunities of doing well in the NEET examination. The following are the important topics of NEET preparation:
Chapter Name | Topics |
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Structural Organization in Animals (including Frog) | Tissues, Epithelium Tissue, Cell Junctions, Connective Tissue, Muscular Tissue, Nervous Tissue, Cockroach, Frog |
Biomolecules | Method to analyze chemical composition, Metabolites, Micromolecules, Macromolecules, Carbohydrates, Amino acids, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids, RNA, DNA, Dynamic state of body constituents, The living state, Enzymes |
Breathing and Exchange of Gases | Introduction to breathing and respiration, Respiratory organs, Human respiratory system, Mechanism of breathing, Respiratory volumes and capacities, Exchange of gases, Transportation of gases, Regulation of respiration, Disorders of Respiratory System |
Body Fluids and Circulation | Introduction to body fluids, Blood, Plasma, Formed elements, Blood Groups, Coagulation of Blood, Lymph, Circulatory Pathways, Double Circulation, Coronary Circulation, Human Circulatory System, Heart Sounds, Blood Vessels, Portal system, ECG, Regulation of Cardiac Activity, Disorders of Circulatory System |
Excretory Products and their Elimination | Excretion, Excretory Products, Excretory Structures, Human Excretory System, Nephron, Mechanism of Urine Formation, Mechanism of Concentration of the Filtrate, Micturition, Urine, Role of Other Organs in Excretion, Regulation of Kidney Function (Kidney, Hypothalamus, Adrenal cortex, Adrenal medulla, Heart), Regulation of GFR, Disorders of the Excretory System, Treatment for renal failure |
Locomotion and Movement | Locomotion and movement, Locomotory organs, Types of Movement, Muscles, Types of Muscle, Skeletal muscles, Structure of contractile proteins, Mechanism of Muscle Contraction, Mechanism of Muscle Relaxation, Red & White Muscles, Skeletal system, Axial skeleton, Appendicular skeleton, Joints, Disorders related to muscular system |
Neural Control and Coordination | Control and coordination, Neural system, Human neural system, Neuron, Generation and conduction of nerve impulse, Transmission of Impulses, Synapse, Neurotransmitters, Central nervous system (CNS), Human Brain, Spinal cord |
Chemical Coordination and Integration | Neural system and Endocrine system, Endocrine glands, Hormones, Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland/Hypophysis, Pineal gland/body, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid gland, Thymus gland, Adrenal gland, Pancreas, Gonads, Hormones of Gastrointestinal Tract, Heart, Kidney, Non-endocrine tissues, Hormonal Feedback, Hormonal action |
Animal Kingdom | Taxonomy, Kingdom-Animalia, Basis of Classification, Phylum: Porifera, Coelenterata/Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes/Nemathelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Chordata; Subphyla: Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Vertebrata; Classes: Cyclostomata, Pisces (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes), Tetrapoda (Amphibia, Reptiles, Aves, Mammalia) |
Human Reproduction | Human reproductive system, Male reproductive system, Female reproductive system, Spermatogenesis, Semen, Structure of sperm, Oogenesis, Differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis, Ovum, Menstrual cycle, Fertilisation & Implantation, Sex Determination of Foetus, Pregnancy & embryonic development, Parturition & Lactation |
Reproductive Health | Reproductive health, Population, Contraceptive methods, Medical termination of pregnancy, Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), Infertility, Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) |
Evolution | Origin of life, Theories of origin of life, Evolution, Evidences of evolution, Adaptive radiation, Natural and artificial selection, Theory of organic evolution, Hardy-Weinberg principle, Speciation and isolation, Brief account of evolution, Origin and evolution of man |
Human Health and Diseases | Introduction, Common Diseases in Humans, Protozoan Disease, Immunity (Innate & Acquired), Lymphoid organs, Immunization, Vaccination, Transplantation, Auto-immunity, AIDS, Cancer, Drug abuse, Alcohol abuse, Adolescence, Addiction and dependence |
Biotechnology: Principles and Processes | Principles of biotechnology, Genetic engineering/Recombinant DNA technology, Tools of rDNA technology, Isolation of DNA, Separation and isolation of DNA fragments, Amplification of gene of interest, Insertion of rDNA into host cell, Obtaining the foreign gene product, GMOs, Applications in agriculture and medicine, Transgenic animals, Ethical issues |
NEET Biology Syllabus 2026 Preparation Tips
To be able to prepare effectively for the NEET 2026 Biology syllabus, a student has to be very focused, practice regularly, and plan resources properly. Here are some tips that can help a student make the best use of their study time:
- Use the NCERT Textbooks:
The NCERT Biology books for Class 11 and 12 are the backbone of NEET preparation. Read each chapter carefully, including the diagrams, in-text questions, and summary points.
- Give Weightier Chapters More Consideration:
Some chapters get asked more in exams, such as Human Physiology, Genetics and Evolution, Reproduction, Plant Physiology, and Ecology. These chapters are large scoring areas.
- Preparing Notes:
While studying, keep preparing note-worthy points in short, preferably handwritten notes. These are basically important definitions, key terms, or crux of some concepts. These notes come handy during last-minute revision.
- Daily MCQ Practice:
Once a topic is complete, go through chapter-wise MCQs to consolidate your learning, reflexes, and accuracy. Practice with NEET question banks.
- Revision Is Key:
Revision consolidates everything in your long-term memory. Maintain a regular schedule for weekly and monthly revision of Class 11
NEET Biology Syllabus FAQs
What is the NEET 2026 Biology syllabus based on?
Ans: The NEET 2026 Biology syllabus is primarily based on the NCERT curriculum for Classes 11 and 12. It includes key topics from both Botany and Zoology, covering areas such as Human Physiology, Genetics and Evolution, Plant Physiology, Ecology, Reproduction, and more. Students are advised to follow the NCERT textbooks closely, as the majority of questions are directly derived from them.
Has the NEET 2026 Biology syllabus been officially released?
Ans:- No, the official syllabus for NEET 2026 has not been released yet. Students can prepare based on the NEET 2025 syllabus, which is expected to remain the same.
How many questions are asked from Biology in NEET 2026?
Ans:- A total of 90 questions are asked from Biology in NEET, with 45 each from Class 11 and Class 12 chapters.
Is NCERT enough for NEET 2026 Biology preparation?
Ans- Yes, NCERT books are the most important resource for NEET Biology. A large majority of questions in the NEET exam are directly or indirectly based on the content from Class 11 and 12 NCERT Biology textbooks. Reading every line carefully, including diagrams and in-text points, is essential for scoring well.